Endophytes and AM Fungi collegial outcome on growth and nutrient status of Capsicum frutescens L. in tropical region

Abstract

Capsicum frutescens L. (Pepper) is a valuable source of nutrition and widely consumed as vegetable as well as a spice crop all over the globe. Although it is well recognized to be extensively grown in warm, temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, this crop’s flavor, tanginess, and tantalizing aroma vary depending on the variety grown in the different parts of India. The current research aimed to investigate the effects of AM fungi and endophytic bacteria on the growth and nutrient acquisition of C. frutescens in Northwestern Indian region. A dual collaboration of AM Fungi and endophytes showed enhanced response with respect to plant growth in C. frutescens compared to plants that were not inoculated. AMF inoculation demonstrated a considerable enhancement in nutrient uptake in comparison to control. Moreover, introducing endophytes resulted in significant growth and yield, demonstrating that improved plant growth and nutrient absorption relied on the specific combination and synergism of endophytic bacteria and AM Fungi being utilized. The purpose of carrying out these experiments in rural cultivable areas was also to raise farmers’ awareness about the potential of biological agents and to motivate them towards organic farming. It was demonstrated that for capsicum cultivation, the combination of favorable and competent microbes is crucial in achieving the desired plant growth and improved productivity.